خوبانی کی گٹک (#گری)کبھی نہ کھائیں
خوبانی کی گری سے متعلق اب تک یہ سمجھا جاتا رہا ہے کہ اسے کھانا مفید ہے اور یہ کینسر سمیت کئی اقسام کی بیماریوں سے بچاؤ میں مددگارثابت ہوتی ہے۔ مگر حقیقت اس کے برعکس ہے، خوبانی کی گری صحت کیلئے سنگین خطرے کا باعث بن سکتی ہے حتیٰ کہ اسے کھانے سے فوری موت بھی واقع ہو سکتی ہے کیونکہ گری میں جان لیوا زہر’’سائنائیڈ‘‘ پایا جاتا ہے
ایک رپورٹ کے مطابق خوبانی کی گری میں ایک مادہ ’’امیگدالین‘‘پایا جاتا ہے، جو ’’گیلوکوسیڈسایانوجن ‘‘ کیمیکل کی ایک قسم ہے۔ خوبانی کی گری چبانے سے ہائیڈروجن سائنائیڈ گیس پیدا ہوتی ہے ۔ البتہ اگر گری کو پکا لیا جائے تو ایک مخصوص درجہ حرارت پر اس کے زہریلے اثرات ختم ہو جاتے ہیں
برطانوی فوڈ اسٹینڈرڈز ایجنسیی (ایف ایس اے ) کی جانب سے جاری کردہ وارننگ کے مطابق خوبانی کی گری کھانے سے پرہیز کیا جائے کیونکہ اس میں سائنائیڈ سمیت انتہائی زہریلے مادے پائے جاتے ہیں۔ وارننگ کے مطابق خوبانی کی 30 گریاں ایک ہی وقت میں کھا لینے سے انسان کی موت بھی واقع ہوسکتی ہے، جبکہ 10 سے 15گریاں کھانے والے افراد بھی ہاتھ پاﺅں سن ہوجانے اور دیگر
شکایات کے بعد اسپتال پہنچ چکے ہیں۔
Wednesday, June 19, 2019
Sunday, May 5, 2019
Impact of child labor on society
Impact of child labor on society
In order to overcome our daily living needs we need to work and earn according to individual capacities. In a healthy society individual perform their role according to their age, capabilities and health condition. In contradiction to this, many of the children are deprived of their basic right of freedom and education and they are compelled to start work in a very early age. They are paid very less so they start to work long hours in order to full fill their needs. This causes compromise in normal physiology. So it starts to affect every aspect of life from health, education and off course the socioeconomic status, thus automatically affecting the family and the whole society. According to Freedman (1998), “Child labor is… Work done by kids full-time under the age of 15. Work that prevents kids from attending school, such as unlimited or unrestricted domestic work. Work that is dangerous for kids and that is hazardous to their physical, mental or emotional health”. There are number of children who are engaged in different kind of labours. According to International Labour Organization (2009), in Pakistan there are 40 million children age between 5- 14 years and among them 3.3 million children are engaged in labour.
There are many serious social issues which are not yet addressed properly and not getting attention from the public, media and the government. Child labor is one of them. I would be highlighting few of the impact of child labour on the society with the help of a story of a boy who suffered from child labour at the age of 8 years. This story was told by one of my friend.
I was born in a very low socioeconomic class. I am the only son to my parents and elder to my three sisters. My father was a laborer and worked for a company on a daily wages. Still we were spending prosperous life in our limited resources and I had the opportunity to get admission in a school. It seemed that education and comfort was there for my first eight year only as my father expired on road traffic accident. After this tragic movement my mother who at that time was expecting fourth child started working for the same company to overcome our financial needs, but she couldn’t continue it for longer and has to quit it as she had end up with serious gynecological issue which I hardly remember. One my relative suggested my mother to send me to work as she thought that was healthier than my mother and can earn enough if worked with dedication so I was referred to a gentleman who had an automobile workshop near by my house.
I had cross by this workshop multiple times but didn’t ever think of the life there. So many MACHINES (which I call it at that time), three men wearing unique costumes busy in fixing things together, very strong smell of different nature which couldn’t stop me to cover my nose for a while till one of them asked me to come to him in his autocratic voice. The sooner I get there he asked me wash an instrument and instruct me not to make it fall. That was so slippery but I did manage to wash it and get a smile from him. This helped me to believe that they are also human being. By the end of the day I get my first pay for the day which at that time my mother thought is enough for us and it was wise decision to quit mu school and get into job.
In order to overcome our daily living needs we need to work and earn according to individual capacities. In a healthy society individual perform their role according to their age, capabilities and health condition. In contradiction to this, many of the children are deprived of their basic right of freedom and education and they are compelled to start work in a very early age. They are paid very less so they start to work long hours in order to full fill their needs. This causes compromise in normal physiology. So it starts to affect every aspect of life from health, education and off course the socioeconomic status, thus automatically affecting the family and the whole society. According to Freedman (1998), “Child labor is… Work done by kids full-time under the age of 15. Work that prevents kids from attending school, such as unlimited or unrestricted domestic work. Work that is dangerous for kids and that is hazardous to their physical, mental or emotional health”. There are number of children who are engaged in different kind of labours. According to International Labour Organization (2009), in Pakistan there are 40 million children age between 5- 14 years and among them 3.3 million children are engaged in labour.
There are many serious social issues which are not yet addressed properly and not getting attention from the public, media and the government. Child labor is one of them. I would be highlighting few of the impact of child labour on the society with the help of a story of a boy who suffered from child labour at the age of 8 years. This story was told by one of my friend.
I was born in a very low socioeconomic class. I am the only son to my parents and elder to my three sisters. My father was a laborer and worked for a company on a daily wages. Still we were spending prosperous life in our limited resources and I had the opportunity to get admission in a school. It seemed that education and comfort was there for my first eight year only as my father expired on road traffic accident. After this tragic movement my mother who at that time was expecting fourth child started working for the same company to overcome our financial needs, but she couldn’t continue it for longer and has to quit it as she had end up with serious gynecological issue which I hardly remember. One my relative suggested my mother to send me to work as she thought that was healthier than my mother and can earn enough if worked with dedication so I was referred to a gentleman who had an automobile workshop near by my house.
I had cross by this workshop multiple times but didn’t ever think of the life there. So many MACHINES (which I call it at that time), three men wearing unique costumes busy in fixing things together, very strong smell of different nature which couldn’t stop me to cover my nose for a while till one of them asked me to come to him in his autocratic voice. The sooner I get there he asked me wash an instrument and instruct me not to make it fall. That was so slippery but I did manage to wash it and get a smile from him. This helped me to believe that they are also human being. By the end of the day I get my first pay for the day which at that time my mother thought is enough for us and it was wise decision to quit mu school and get into job.
Wednesday, April 17, 2019
Factor effecting on the production of spinich
introduction
Vegetables are not only beneficial for their
contribution to the share of agriculture in the economy of Swaziland, but also have a significant probability to compete where there are fewer government regulations and restrictions in the economy. Currently, the local demand for vegetables is higher than local production and hence the gap is filled by imports from South Africa. At the NAMBoard’s fresh produce market, only 11 percent of the vegetables are from local production and the rest come from South Africa. The study aimed to identify factors affecting productivity and profitability of vegetable production. A two-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 100 vegetable farmers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. The results showed that the factors that significantly affected productivity of vegetable.
Factor effecting on the production of spinich
1. bad quality of seed.
2. unfertile land.
3. contaminated water.
4. excess use of fertilizer.
5. late sowing of crop.
6. insect pest.
7. lack of experience.
8. excess use of water.
9. change in climate.
10. increase in temperature.
11. lack of attention.
12. photo periodism.
13. salt effective soil.
Vegetables are not only beneficial for their
contribution to the share of agriculture in the economy of Swaziland, but also have a significant probability to compete where there are fewer government regulations and restrictions in the economy. Currently, the local demand for vegetables is higher than local production and hence the gap is filled by imports from South Africa. At the NAMBoard’s fresh produce market, only 11 percent of the vegetables are from local production and the rest come from South Africa. The study aimed to identify factors affecting productivity and profitability of vegetable production. A two-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 100 vegetable farmers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. The results showed that the factors that significantly affected productivity of vegetable.
Factor effecting on the production of spinich
1. bad quality of seed.
2. unfertile land.
3. contaminated water.
4. excess use of fertilizer.
5. late sowing of crop.
6. insect pest.
7. lack of experience.
8. excess use of water.
9. change in climate.
10. increase in temperature.
11. lack of attention.
12. photo periodism.
13. salt effective soil.
Saturday, March 16, 2019
Medicinal use of Orange and Orange juice
ORANGE LEAVES HERBS
Orange leaves herbs are useful for the health being of the body. They may be used to make a leaf tea or added to the pot when brewing regular tea. Citrus leaves are especially good for this kind of tea. Only the older, dark-green leaves should be used. Tear them into boiling water. They contain minerals that the body needs. If added to warm milk, crushed citrus leaves can make a nutritious drink for children.
Citrus leaf tea is good to drink in the evening because it contains no caffeine, which is found in tea and coffee. Caffeine can keep you from sleeping well.
Therapeutic uses
Anaemia & nutrient source. .
By increasing iron absorption from foods, oranges and orange juice have been shown to reduce anaemia. Oranges are also a reasonable source of absorbable folic acid.
Cardiovascular health
Population studies have shown a strong correlation between eating diets high in vegetables and fruit and improvement in cardiovascular health. One experiment tested 24 adults with both high cholesterol and high triglycerides and they were given 2½ cups of freshly squeezed orange juice to drink daily for 90 days. The results showed a significant improvement in plasma antioxidants, and the oxidation of the lipids (fats) decreased significantly. Regular consumption of orange juice increased HDL (good cholesterol) levels.
Reference..
Artical of Dr. Irfan sb assistant professor at University of agriculture Faisalabad
Orange leaves herbs are useful for the health being of the body. They may be used to make a leaf tea or added to the pot when brewing regular tea. Citrus leaves are especially good for this kind of tea. Only the older, dark-green leaves should be used. Tear them into boiling water. They contain minerals that the body needs. If added to warm milk, crushed citrus leaves can make a nutritious drink for children.
Citrus leaf tea is good to drink in the evening because it contains no caffeine, which is found in tea and coffee. Caffeine can keep you from sleeping well.
Therapeutic uses
Anaemia & nutrient source. .
By increasing iron absorption from foods, oranges and orange juice have been shown to reduce anaemia. Oranges are also a reasonable source of absorbable folic acid.
Cardiovascular health
Population studies have shown a strong correlation between eating diets high in vegetables and fruit and improvement in cardiovascular health. One experiment tested 24 adults with both high cholesterol and high triglycerides and they were given 2½ cups of freshly squeezed orange juice to drink daily for 90 days. The results showed a significant improvement in plasma antioxidants, and the oxidation of the lipids (fats) decreased significantly. Regular consumption of orange juice increased HDL (good cholesterol) levels.
Reference..
Artical of Dr. Irfan sb assistant professor at University of agriculture Faisalabad
Sunday, March 3, 2019
Rural sociology
'' Rural sociology ''
Rural sociology is a field of sociology traditionally associated with the study of social structure and conflict in rural areas although topical areas such as food and agriculture or natural resource access transcend traditional rural spatial boundaries. It is an active field in much of the world, originating in the United States in the 1910s with close ties to the national Department of Agriculture and land-grant university colleges of agriculture.
The sociology of food and agriculture is one focus of rural sociology, and much of the field is dedicated to the economics of farm production. Other areas of study include rural migration and other demographic patterns, environmental sociology, amenity-led development, public lands policies, so-called "boomtown" development, social disruption, the sociology of natural resources (including forests, mining, fishing and other areas), rural cultures, and identities, rural health care, and educational policies. Many rural sociologists work in the areas of development studies, community studies, community development, and environmental studies.
Associations
The Rural Sociological Society (RSS), of the United States, was formed in 1937 after years of discussion as a spinoff of the American Sociological Society. It publishes the scholarly quarterly journal Rural Sociology. The full run of back issues is online from 1936-89 through Cornell University Library's program of putting online core historical resources in rural sociology.
The European Society for Rural Sociology (ESRS) was founded in 1957. It says it is "the leading European association for scientists involved in the study of agriculture and fisheries, food production and consumption, rural development and change, rurality and cultural heritage, equality and inequality in rural society, and nature and environmental care.
The International Rural Sociology Association (IRSA) has as its mission, to "foster the development of rural sociology; further the application of sociological inquiry to the improvement of the quality of rural life; and provide a mechanism whereby rural sociologists can generate dialogue and useful exchange." It published the International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food.
The International Association for Society and Natural Resources (IASNR) publishes the journal, Society & Natural Resources.
Rural sociology is a field of sociology traditionally associated with the study of social structure and conflict in rural areas although topical areas such as food and agriculture or natural resource access transcend traditional rural spatial boundaries. It is an active field in much of the world, originating in the United States in the 1910s with close ties to the national Department of Agriculture and land-grant university colleges of agriculture.
The sociology of food and agriculture is one focus of rural sociology, and much of the field is dedicated to the economics of farm production. Other areas of study include rural migration and other demographic patterns, environmental sociology, amenity-led development, public lands policies, so-called "boomtown" development, social disruption, the sociology of natural resources (including forests, mining, fishing and other areas), rural cultures, and identities, rural health care, and educational policies. Many rural sociologists work in the areas of development studies, community studies, community development, and environmental studies.
Associations
The Rural Sociological Society (RSS), of the United States, was formed in 1937 after years of discussion as a spinoff of the American Sociological Society. It publishes the scholarly quarterly journal Rural Sociology. The full run of back issues is online from 1936-89 through Cornell University Library's program of putting online core historical resources in rural sociology.
The European Society for Rural Sociology (ESRS) was founded in 1957. It says it is "the leading European association for scientists involved in the study of agriculture and fisheries, food production and consumption, rural development and change, rurality and cultural heritage, equality and inequality in rural society, and nature and environmental care.
The International Rural Sociology Association (IRSA) has as its mission, to "foster the development of rural sociology; further the application of sociological inquiry to the improvement of the quality of rural life; and provide a mechanism whereby rural sociologists can generate dialogue and useful exchange." It published the International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food.
The International Association for Society and Natural Resources (IASNR) publishes the journal, Society & Natural Resources.
Tuesday, February 19, 2019
باپ....
"" باپ ""
دنیا کی اک عظیم ہستی...جو کسی تعارف کی محتاج نہیں.... وہ اک عظیم شخص جو ہر وقت آپکی ترقی، کے لیے کوشاں ہے... وہ عظیم شخص جو آپکی خواہشات کو پورا کرنے کے لیے اپنی خوشی کو ترک کر دیتا ہے.. نا وہ آندھی دیکھتا، اور نا طوفان کی فکر کرتا، بس دن رات اپنی اولاد کی خواہشات کو پورا کرنے کے لیے مزدوروں کی طرح کام کرتا ہے... وہ عظیم شخص جو آپ کو غلط کام کرنے پر ڈانٹتا بھی ہے... اور اندر اندر سب سے زیادہ پیار بھی کرتا ہے... زمانے میں بہت سی نظمیں اور غزلیں آپ کو صرف ماں کے بارے میں ملیں گے... پر آج میں یہ کہتا ہوں میرا باپ کم نہ تھا ماں سے...رات کو سب تھک گئے تھے اور لیٹ سوے تھے، صبح کو ایک شخص تھکا ہوا کام پر جا رہا تھا وہ ہوتا ہے باپ... عید کا موقع ہے بچوں نے نئے کپڑے پہنے ہوئے ہیں، پر اک شخص پُرانے کپڑے پہنے ہوئے ہے وہ ہوتا ہے باپ... آپ کی کامیابی پر واحد شخص جو خوش ہوتا ہے وہ ہوتا ہے باپ... وہ ہستی جو آپ کو خوش دیکھنے کے لیے کوشاں ہے وہ ہوتا ہے.... آپ کی خوشی کی خاطر اپنی خواہشات کو دفن کر دیتا ہے وہ ہوتا ہے باپ.... آرام نہیں کرتا کہتا ہے...
کیسے کہہ دوں کہ تھک گیا ہوں میں...نہ جانے کتنوں کا حوصلہ ہوں میں....
سو ہمیں بھی چاہیے اس عظیم ہستی کی قدر، عزت اور ادب کریں... اور اُن کے لیے باعث فخر بنے...
اللہ ہم سب کے والدین کو سلامت رکھے...
آمین..
: دعاؤں کا طلبگار :
سید عروۃ تنویر شاہ
Saturday, February 16, 2019
Agriculture machin industry in Pakistan
Introduction
The agricultural machinery industry or agricultural engineering industry is the part of the industry, that produces and maintain tractors, agricultural machinery and agricultural implements. This branch is considered to be part of the machinery industry.
Since its inception, Pakistan is experiencing rapid growth in human population despite tremendous efforts to check population explosion. Over the years the population density had been increasing, land to man ratio deteriorating, and the food and cloth requirements intensifying. On the contrary, the scope for increase in cultivated area over the years has always been marginal. Therefore, the expectations of a wide gap between future food requirements and supplies are high which may possibly be reduced by improving average yields by intensive use of agricultural machinery. It is obvious that use of agricultural machinery not only speed up cultivation process but also accelerate harvesting and threshing operations.
It is also instrumental to maximization of agricultural production by increasing land use and cropping intensities. Therefore, planning for judicious use of Agricultural Machinery is of utmost importance which, inter alia, depends upon availability of reliable and timely statistics. The use of Agricultural Machinery is increasing day by day in Pakistan like other agricultural countries of the world which has necessitated periodic stocktaking of Agricultural Machinery as a regular activity. Realizing this fact in Pakistan, the first Agricultural Machinery industry establish in 1968, second in 1975, third in 1984 and fourth in 1994
.
Production
The agricultural machinery industry produces agricultural machinery, machinery used in the operation of agricultural areas and farms. Main types are:[13]
Tractors and power.
Machinery for tillage or soil cultivation.
Machinery for planting, seeding, fertilizing, pest control, irrigation.
Machinery for harvesting, haymaking, and post-harvest, such as produce sorters, and machinery for loading
Machinery for milking
Other agricultural machinery, for example grinder mixers, wool presses and windmills.[13]
In developed countries overall the largest segment of agricultural equipment sales is tractors.[13]
Economic importance in pakistan.
Pakistan’s agriculture sector is the mainstay of the economy and a primary source of livelihood. During FY 2017-18, the agriculture sector contributed 18.9 percent to the country’s GDP and employs 42.3 percent of the total workforce. During the 2017-2018 fiscal year, the sector grew 3.81 percent in comparison to 3.5 percent growth last year. There has been moderate growth in the sector over the last several years, which can be attributed to the efforts of the government of Pakistan to establish easy credit, subsidies for small farmers on agriculture inputs, training programs, and the government purchasing goods at higher prices. According to the Pakistan Agriculture Machinery Census, the total land area under cultivation is 79.6 million acres, which has increased 5.8 percent over the last year. According to industry sources, the total size of the agricultural machinery sector is approximately $1.3 billion, consisting of a combination of tractors, harvesters, and other small-scale agricultural machinery. According to the Economic Survey, Pakistan Vision 2025, food security is one of seven top priority action areas. Among the top five objectives for achieving food security are, “Create a modern, efficient and diversified agricultural sector that can ensure a stable and adequate provision of basic food supplies for the country’s population and provide quality products for export.” The provision of modern agricultural machinery and equipment is essential to the government’s plan.
In terms of market share, there are five countries that supply more than 70 percent of the total imported agricultural machinery and equipment. These include the United States, China, Japan, Italy and Ge
The agricultural machinery industry or agricultural engineering industry is the part of the industry, that produces and maintain tractors, agricultural machinery and agricultural implements. This branch is considered to be part of the machinery industry.
Since its inception, Pakistan is experiencing rapid growth in human population despite tremendous efforts to check population explosion. Over the years the population density had been increasing, land to man ratio deteriorating, and the food and cloth requirements intensifying. On the contrary, the scope for increase in cultivated area over the years has always been marginal. Therefore, the expectations of a wide gap between future food requirements and supplies are high which may possibly be reduced by improving average yields by intensive use of agricultural machinery. It is obvious that use of agricultural machinery not only speed up cultivation process but also accelerate harvesting and threshing operations.
It is also instrumental to maximization of agricultural production by increasing land use and cropping intensities. Therefore, planning for judicious use of Agricultural Machinery is of utmost importance which, inter alia, depends upon availability of reliable and timely statistics. The use of Agricultural Machinery is increasing day by day in Pakistan like other agricultural countries of the world which has necessitated periodic stocktaking of Agricultural Machinery as a regular activity. Realizing this fact in Pakistan, the first Agricultural Machinery industry establish in 1968, second in 1975, third in 1984 and fourth in 1994
.
Production
The agricultural machinery industry produces agricultural machinery, machinery used in the operation of agricultural areas and farms. Main types are:[13]
Tractors and power.
Machinery for tillage or soil cultivation.
Machinery for planting, seeding, fertilizing, pest control, irrigation.
Machinery for harvesting, haymaking, and post-harvest, such as produce sorters, and machinery for loading
Machinery for milking
Other agricultural machinery, for example grinder mixers, wool presses and windmills.[13]
In developed countries overall the largest segment of agricultural equipment sales is tractors.[13]
Economic importance in pakistan.
Pakistan’s agriculture sector is the mainstay of the economy and a primary source of livelihood. During FY 2017-18, the agriculture sector contributed 18.9 percent to the country’s GDP and employs 42.3 percent of the total workforce. During the 2017-2018 fiscal year, the sector grew 3.81 percent in comparison to 3.5 percent growth last year. There has been moderate growth in the sector over the last several years, which can be attributed to the efforts of the government of Pakistan to establish easy credit, subsidies for small farmers on agriculture inputs, training programs, and the government purchasing goods at higher prices. According to the Pakistan Agriculture Machinery Census, the total land area under cultivation is 79.6 million acres, which has increased 5.8 percent over the last year. According to industry sources, the total size of the agricultural machinery sector is approximately $1.3 billion, consisting of a combination of tractors, harvesters, and other small-scale agricultural machinery. According to the Economic Survey, Pakistan Vision 2025, food security is one of seven top priority action areas. Among the top five objectives for achieving food security are, “Create a modern, efficient and diversified agricultural sector that can ensure a stable and adequate provision of basic food supplies for the country’s population and provide quality products for export.” The provision of modern agricultural machinery and equipment is essential to the government’s plan.
In terms of market share, there are five countries that supply more than 70 percent of the total imported agricultural machinery and equipment. These include the United States, China, Japan, Italy and Ge
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